Source code for yggdrasil.communication.FileComm

import os
import copy
import tempfile
from yggdrasil import platform, tools, constants, serialize
from yggdrasil.communication import CommBase, AddressError
from yggdrasil.components import import_component


[docs]def is_file_like(x): r"""Check if an object is file-like via duck typing. Args: x (object): Object to check. Returns: bool: True if file-like, False otherwise. """ return hasattr(x, 'read') and hasattr(x, 'write')
[docs]def convert_file(src, dst, src_type=None, dst_type=None, src_kwargs=None, dst_kwargs=None, transform=None): r"""Convert from one file type to another. Args: src (str): Path to source file to convert. dst (str): Path to destination file that should be created. src_type (str, dict, optional): Name of source file type. If not provided, an attempt will be made to identify the file type from the extension. dst_type (str, dict, optional): Name of destination file type. If not provided, an attempt will be made to identify the file type from the extension. transform (dict, optional): Transform parameters for transforming messages between the soruce and destination file. Raises: IOError: If the source file does not exist. IOError: If the destination file exists. """ if src_kwargs is None: src_kwargs = {} if dst_kwargs is None: dst_kwargs = {} # Check files if not os.path.isfile(src): raise IOError(f"Source file does not exist: {src}") if os.path.isfile(dst): raise IOError(f"Destination file already exists: {dst}") # Determine file types if src_type is None: src_type = constants.EXT2FILE[os.path.splitext(src)[1]] if dst_type is None: dst_type = constants.EXT2FILE[os.path.splitext(dst)[1]] # Load fsrc = import_component('file', src_type)(src, direction='recv', **src_kwargs) msg = fsrc.load(return_message_object=True) fsrc.close() # Transform if transform: dst_kwargs['transform'] = transform # Dump fdst = import_component('file', dst_type)(dst, direction='send', **dst_kwargs) fdst.update_serializer_from_message(msg) fdst.dump(msg) fdst.close()
[docs]class FileComm(CommBase.CommBase): r"""Class for handling I/O from/to a file on disk. >>> x = FileComm('test_send', address='test_file.txt', direction='send') >>> x.send('Test message') True >>> with open('test_file.txt', 'r') as fd: ... print(fd.read()) Test message >>> x = FileComm('test_recv', address='test_file.txt', direction='recv') >>> x.recv() (True, b'Test message') Args: name (str): The environment variable where communication address is stored. read_meth (str, optional): Method that should be used to read data from the file. Defaults to 'read'. Ignored if direction is 'send'. append (bool, optional): If True and writing, file is openned in append mode. If True and reading, file is kept open even if the end of the file is reached to allow for another process to write to the file in append mode. Defaults to False. in_temp (bool, optional): If True, the path will be considered relative to the platform temporary directory. Defaults to False. is_series (bool, optional): If True, input/output will be done to a series of files. If reading, each file will be processed until the end is reached. If writing, each output will be to a new file in the series. The addressed is assumed to contain a format for the index of the file. Defaults to False. count (int, optional): When reading a file, read the file this many of times. Defaults to 0. wait_for_creation (float, optional): Time (in seconds) that should be waited before opening for the file to be created if it dosn't exist. Defaults to 0 s and file will attempt to be opened immediately. **kwargs: Additional keywords arguments are passed to parent class. Attributes: fd (file): File that should be read/written. read_meth (str): Method that should be used to read data from the file. append (bool): If True and writing, file is openned in append mode. in_temp (bool): If True, the path will be considered relative to the platform temporary directory. is_series (bool): If True, input/output will be done to a series of files. If reading, each file will be processed until the end is reached. If writing, each output will be to a new file in the series. platform_newline (str): String indicating a newline on the current platform. Raises: ValueError: If the read_meth is not one of the supported values. """ _filetype = 'binary' _datatype = {'type': 'bytes'} _schema_type = 'file' _schema_subtype_key = 'filetype' _schema_subtype_description = ('The entire file is read/written all at ' 'once as bytes.') _schema_required = ['name', 'filetype', 'working_dir', 'serializer'] _schema_properties = { 'name': {'type': 'string', 'pattern': (r'^([A-Za-z0-9-_]+:)?\.?[A-Za-z0-9-_\\\/]+' r'\.[A-Za-z0-9-_]+(::[A-Za-z0-9-_]+)?$')}, 'working_dir': {'type': 'string'}, 'filetype': {'type': 'string', 'default': _filetype, 'description': ('The type of file that will be read from ' 'or written to.')}, 'read_meth': {'type': 'string', 'enum': ['read', 'readline'], 'deprecated': True}, 'append': {'type': 'boolean', 'default': False}, 'in_temp': {'type': 'boolean', 'default': False}, 'is_series': {'type': 'boolean', 'default': False}, 'count': {'type': 'integer', 'default': 0}, 'wait_for_creation': {'type': 'number', 'default': 0.0}, 'serializer': {'allOf': [ {'default': {}}, {'$ref': '#/definitions/serializer'}]}} _schema_excluded_from_inherit = ( ['commtype', 'datatype', 'read_meth', 'serializer'] + CommBase.CommBase._model_schema_prop) _schema_base_class = None _schema_additional_kwargs = {'allowSingular': 'name'} _schema_additional_kwargs_no_inherit = { 'pushProperties': {'$properties/serializer': True}} _default_serializer = 'direct' is_file = True _maxMsgSize = 0 _mode_as_bytes = True _synchronous_read = False _deprecated_drivers = ['FileInputDriver', 'FileOutputDriver'] def __init__(self, name, address=None, direction='send', **kwargs): self._external_fd = None if is_file_like(name): self._external_fd = name name = str(self._external_fd) if address is None: address = name elif is_file_like(address): self._external_fd = address address = str(self._external_fd) kwargs.setdefault('close_on_eof_send', True) kwargs['partner_language'] = None # Files don't have partner comms return super(FileComm, self).__init__( name, address=address, direction=direction, **kwargs) @classmethod def _update_serializer_kwargs(cls, kwargs): r"""Update serializer information in a set of keyword arguments. Args: kwargs (dict): Keyword arguments containing non-schema behaved serializer information. """ out = super(FileComm, cls)._update_serializer_kwargs(kwargs) if ((cls._default_serializer and cls._default_serializer != 'direct' and isinstance(out, dict) and out.get('seritype', 'direct') in ['default', 'direct'])): out['seritype'] = cls._default_serializer return out def _update_address(self, address): r"""Set the address based on the provided name. Args: address (str): Provided address. """ try: super(FileComm, self)._update_address(address) except AddressError: if (((not self.wait_for_creation) and self.direction == 'recv' and not os.path.isfile(self.name_base))): raise AddressError( f"File does not exist: '{self.name_base}'") self.address = self.name_base def _init_before_open(self, **kwargs): r"""Get absolute path and set attributes.""" self.header_was_read = False self.header_was_written = False super(FileComm, self)._init_before_open(**kwargs) # Process file class keywords if not hasattr(self, '_fd'): self._fd = None self.platform_newline = platform._newline if self.in_temp: self.address = os.path.join(tempfile.gettempdir(), self.address) self.address = os.path.abspath(self.address) self._series_index = 0 if self.append and os.path.isfile(self.current_address): self.disable_header() if getattr(self, 'read_meth', None) is None: self.read_meth = self.serializer.read_meth assert self.read_meth in ['read', 'readline'] # Force overwrite for concatenation in append mode if self.append: if self.direction == 'recv': self.close_on_eof_recv = False elif (not self.concats_as_str): self.append = 'ow' # Assert that keyword args match serialization parameters if not self.concats_as_str: assert self.read_meth == 'read' assert not self.serializer.is_framed # Disable features not allowed when fd provided if self._external_fd: assert not self.is_series @property def concats_as_str(self): r"""bool: True if concatenating file contents result in a valid file.""" return self.serializer.concats_as_str
[docs] @staticmethod def before_registration(cls): r"""Operations that should be performed to modify class attributes prior to registration.""" CommBase.CommBase.before_registration(cls) seri = None if cls._default_serializer: seri = import_component('serializer', cls._default_serializer) cls._extensions = seri.file_extensions # Add serializer properties to schema if cls._filetype != 'binary': assert 'serializer' not in cls._schema_properties if seri: new = seri._schema_properties cls._schema_properties.update(new) for k in ['driver', 'args', 'seritype']: cls._schema_properties.pop(k, None) cls._commtype = cls._filetype
[docs] @classmethod def get_test_contents(cls, data, **kwargs): # pragma: debug r"""Method for returning the serialized form of a set of test data. Args: data (list): List of test data objects to serialize. Returns: bytes: Serialized test data. """ fname = f'contents_{cls._filetype}{cls._extensions[0]}' assert not os.path.isfile(fname) try: x = cls(fname, direction='send', append=True, **kwargs) for msg in data: x.send(msg) x.close() with open(fname, 'rb') as fd: out = fd.read() finally: if os.path.isfile(fname): os.remove(fname) cls.remove_companion_files(fname) return out
[docs] @classmethod def get_testing_options(cls, read_meth=None, serializer=None, **kwargs): r"""Method to return a dictionary of testing options for this class. Args: read_meth (str, optional): Read method that will be used by the test class. Defaults to None and will be set by the serialier. **kwargs: Additional keyword arguments are passed to the parent class's method and the serializers methods for determining the default read_meth and concatenating the sent objects into the objects that are expected to be received. Returns: dict: Dictionary of variables to use for testing. Key/value pairs: kwargs (dict): Keyword arguments for comms tested with the provided content. send (list): List of objects to send to test file. recv (list): List of objects that will be received from a test file that was sent the messages in 'send'. contents (bytes): Bytes contents of test file created by sending the messages in 'send'. """ if serializer is None: serializer = cls._default_serializer out = super(FileComm, cls).get_testing_options( serializer=serializer, **kwargs) if 'read_meth' in cls._schema_properties: if read_meth is None: read_meth = 'read' out['kwargs']['read_meth'] = read_meth if read_meth == 'readline': out['recv_partial'] = [[x] for x in out['recv']] if serializer == 'direct': comment = tools.str2bytes( cls._schema_properties['comment']['default'] + 'Comment\n') out['send'].append(comment) out['contents'] += comment out['recv_partial'].append([]) else: seri_cls = import_component('serializer', serializer) if seri_cls.concats_as_str: out['recv_partial'] = [[x] for x in out['recv']] out['recv'] = seri_cls.concatenate( out['recv'], **out['kwargs']) else: out['recv_partial'] = [[out['recv'][0]]] for i in range(1, len(out['recv'])): out['recv_partial'].append(seri_cls.concatenate( out['recv_partial'][-1] + [out['recv'][i]], **out['kwargs'])) out['recv'] = copy.deepcopy(out['recv_partial'][-1]) return out
[docs] @classmethod def is_installed(cls, language=None): r"""Determine if the necessary libraries are installed for this communication class. Args: language (str, optional): Specific language that should be checked for compatibility. Defaults to None and all languages supported on the current platform will be checked. If set to 'any', the result will be True if this comm is installed for any of the supported languages. Returns: bool: Is the comm installed. """ if language == 'python': return True return False
[docs] @classmethod def underlying_comm_class(cls): r"""str: Name of underlying communication class.""" return cls._filetype
[docs] @classmethod def close_registry_entry(cls, value): r"""Close a registry entry.""" out = False if not value.closed: # pragma: debug value.close() out = True return out
[docs] @classmethod def new_comm_kwargs(cls, *args, **kwargs): r"""Initialize communication with new queue.""" kwargs.setdefault('address', 'file%s' % cls._extensions[0]) return args, kwargs
@property def open_mode(self): r"""str: Mode that should be used to open the file.""" if self.direction == 'recv': io_mode = 'r' elif self.append == 'ow': if self._synchronous_read: io_mode = 'a' else: io_mode = 'r+' elif self.append: io_mode = 'a' else: io_mode = 'w' if self._mode_as_bytes: io_mode += 'b' return io_mode
[docs] def opp_comm_kwargs(self, for_yaml=False): r"""Get keyword arguments to initialize communication with opposite comm object. Args: for_yaml (bool, optional): If True, the returned dict will only contain values that can be specified in a YAML file. Defaults to False. Returns: dict: Keyword arguments for opposite comm object. """ kwargs = super(FileComm, self).opp_comm_kwargs(for_yaml=for_yaml) kwargs.update(is_series=self.is_series, count=self.count) return kwargs
@property def registry_key(self): r"""str: String used to register the socket.""" # return self.address return '%s_%s_%s' % (self.address, self.direction, self.uuid) # Methods related to header
[docs] def enable_header(self): r"""Turn on header so that it will be written.""" self.header_was_read = False self.header_was_written = False if self.serializer.has_header: self.serializer.enable_file_header()
[docs] def disable_header(self): r"""Turn off header so that it will not be written.""" self.header_was_read = True self.header_was_written = True if self.serializer.has_header: self.serializer.disable_file_header()
[docs] def read_header(self): r"""Read header lines from the file and update serializer info.""" if self.header_was_read: return if self.serializer.has_header: pos = self.record_position() self.serializer.deserialize_file_header(self.fd) self.change_position(*pos) self.header_was_read = True
[docs] def write_header(self): r"""Write header lines to the file based on the serializer info.""" if self.header_was_written: return if self.serializer.has_header: header_msg = self.serializer.serialize_file_header() if header_msg: self.fd.write(header_msg) self.header_was_written = True
# Methods related to position in the file/series @property def file_size(self): r"""int: Current size of file.""" with self._closing_thread.lock: prev_pos = self.file_tell() self.file_seek(0, os.SEEK_END) out = self.file_tell() - prev_pos self.file_seek(0, 0) self.file_seek(prev_pos) return out
[docs] def series_file_size(self, fname): r"""int: Size of file in series.""" return os.path.getsize(fname)
[docs] def file_tell(self): r"""int: Current position in the file.""" with self._closing_thread.lock: return self.fd.tell()
[docs] def file_seek(self, pos, whence=os.SEEK_SET): r"""Move in the file to the specified position. Args: pos (int): Position (in bytes) to move file to. whence (int, optional): Flag indicating position that pos is relative to. 0 for the beginning of the file, 1 for from the current location, and 2 from the end of the file. """ with self._closing_thread.lock: self.fd.seek(pos, whence)
[docs] def file_flush(self): r"""Flush the file.""" with self._closing_thread.lock: self.fd.flush()
[docs] def record_position(self): r"""Record the current position in the file/series.""" _rec_pos = self.file_tell() _rec_ind = self._series_index return _rec_pos, _rec_ind, self.header_was_read, self.header_was_written
[docs] def reset_position(self, truncate=False): r"""Move to the front of the file and allow header to be read again. Args: truncate (bool, optional): If True, the file will be truncated after moving to the beginning, effectively erasing the file. Defaults to False. """ self.change_position(0) self.enable_header() if truncate: self.fd.truncate()
[docs] def change_position(self, file_pos, series_index=None, header_was_read=None, header_was_written=None): r"""Change the position in the file/series. Args: file_pos (int): Position that should be moved to in the file. series_index (int, optinal): Index of the file in the series that should be moved to. Defaults to None and will be set to the current series index. header_was_read (bool, optional): Status of if header has been read or not. Defaults to None and will be set to the current value. header_was_written (bool, optional): Status of if header has been written or not. Defaults to None and will be set to the current value. """ if series_index is None: series_index = self._series_index if header_was_read is None: header_was_read = self.header_was_read if header_was_written is None: header_was_written = self.header_was_written self.advance_in_series(series_index) self.advance_in_file(file_pos) self.header_was_read = header_was_read self.header_was_written = header_was_written
[docs] def advance_in_file(self, file_pos): r"""Advance to a certain position in the current file. Args: file_pos (int): Position that should be moved to in the current. file. """ if self.is_open: try: self.file_seek(file_pos) except (AttributeError, ValueError): # pragma: debug if self.is_open: raise
[docs] def advance_in_series(self, series_index=None): r"""Advance to a certain file in a series. Args: series_index (int, optional): Index of file in the series that should be moved to. Defaults to None and call will advance to the next file in the series. Returns: bool: True if the file was advanced in the series, False otherwise. """ out = False if self.is_series or self.count: if series_index is None: series_index = self._series_index + 1 if self._series_index != series_index: if (((self.direction == 'send') or self.count or os.path.isfile(self.get_series_address(series_index)))): with self._closing_thread.lock: self._file_close() self._series_index = series_index self._open() out = True self.debug("Advanced to %d", series_index) if self.count: self.count -= 1 if out: self.header_was_read = False self.header_was_written = False return out
[docs] def get_series_address(self, index=None): r"""Get the address of a file in the series. Args: index (int, optional): Index in series to get address for. Defaults to None and the current index is used. Returns: str: Address for the file in the series. """ if index is None: index = self._series_index return self.address % index
@property def current_address(self): r"""str: Address of file currently being used.""" if self.is_series: address = self.get_series_address() else: address = self.address return address # Methods related to opening/closing the file def _file_open(self, address, mode): return open(address, mode) def _open(self): address = self.current_address if self.fd is None: if (not os.path.isfile(address)) and (self.wait_for_creation > 0): T = self.start_timeout(self.wait_for_creation) while (not T.is_out) and (not os.path.isfile(address)): self.sleep() self.stop_timeout() self._fd = self._file_open(address, self.open_mode) T = self.start_timeout() while (not T.is_out) and (not self.is_open): # pragma: debug self.sleep() self.stop_timeout() if self.append == 'ow': try: self.file_seek(0, os.SEEK_END) except (AttributeError, ValueError): # pragma: debug if self.is_open: raise def _file_close(self): if self._external_fd: self._external_fd = None if self.is_open: try: self.file_flush() os.fsync(self.fd.fileno()) except OSError: # pragma: debug pass try: self.fd.close() except (AttributeError, ValueError): # pragma: debug if self.is_open: raise self._fd = None
[docs] def open(self): r"""Open the file.""" super(FileComm, self).open() self._open() if not self._external_fd: self.register_comm(self.registry_key, self.fd)
def _close(self, *args, **kwargs): r"""Close the file.""" self._file_close() if ((self.is_series and os.path.isfile(self.current_address) and (os.path.getsize(self.current_address) == 0))): try: os.remove(self.current_address) except PermissionError: # pragma: no cover pass if not self._external_fd: self.unregister_comm(self.registry_key) super(FileComm, self)._close(*args, **kwargs)
[docs] def remove_file(self): r"""Remove the file.""" assert self.is_closed if self.is_series: i = 0 while True: address = self.get_series_address(i) if not os.path.isfile(address): break os.remove(address) self.remove_companion_files(address) i += 1 else: if os.path.isfile(self.address): os.remove(self.address) self.remove_companion_files(self.address)
[docs] @classmethod def remove_companion_files(cls, address): r"""Remove companion files that are created when writing to a file Args: address (str): Address for the filename. """ pass
@property def is_open(self): r"""bool: True if the connection is open.""" try: return (self.fd is not None) and (not self.fd.closed) except AttributeError: # pragma: debug if self.fd is not None: raise return False @property def fd(self): r"""Associated file identifier.""" if self._external_fd: return self._external_fd return self._fd @property def remaining_bytes(self): r"""int: Remaining bytes in the file.""" out = 0 if self.is_closed or self.direction == 'send': return out with self._closing_thread.lock: pos = self.record_position() try: curpos = self.file_tell() self.file_seek(0, os.SEEK_END) endpos = self.file_tell() out = endpos - curpos except (ValueError, AttributeError, OSError): # pragma: debug if self.is_open: raise if self.is_series: i = self._series_index + 1 while True: fname = self.get_series_address(i) if not os.path.isfile(fname): break out += self.series_file_size(fname) i += 1 self.change_position(*pos) return out @property def n_msg_recv(self): r"""int: The number of messages in the file.""" with self._closing_thread.lock: if self.is_closed: return 0 if self.read_meth == 'read': return int(self.remaining_bytes > 0) elif self.read_meth == 'readline': pos = self.record_position() try: out = 0 flag, msg = self._recv() while len(msg) != 0 and (not self.is_eof(msg)): out += 1 flag, msg = self._recv() except ValueError: # pragma: debug out = 0 self.change_position(*pos) else: # pragma: debug self.error('Unsupported read_meth: %s', self.read_meth) out = 0 return out
[docs] def prepare_message(self, *args, **kwargs): r"""Perform actions preparing to send a message. Args: *args: Components of the outgoing message. **kwargs: Keyword arguments are passed to the parent class's method. Returns: CommMessage: Serialized and annotated message. """ msg = super(FileComm, self).prepare_message(*args, **kwargs) if msg.flag == CommBase.FLAG_EOF: try: self.file_flush() except (AttributeError, ValueError): # pragma: debug if self.is_open: raise # self.close() return msg
[docs] def serialize(self, obj, **kwargs): r"""Serialize a message using the associated serializer.""" with self._closing_thread.lock: if (not self.concats_as_str) and self.is_open and (self.file_tell() != 0): new_obj = obj with open(self.current_address, 'rb') as fd: old_obj = self.deserialize(fd.read())[0] obj = self.serializer.concatenate([old_obj, new_obj]) assert len(obj) == 1 obj = obj[0] # Reset file so that header will be written self.reset_position(truncate=True) return super(FileComm, self).serialize(obj, **kwargs)
def _file_send(self, msg): self.fd.write(msg) if self.append == 'ow': self.fd.truncate() def _send(self, msg): r"""Write message to a file. Args: msg (bytes, str): Data to write to the file. Returns: bool: Success or failure of writing to the file. """ # Write header if not self.is_eof(msg): self.write_header() # Write message try: if not self.is_eof(msg): self._file_send(msg) self.file_flush() except (AttributeError, ValueError): # pragma: debug if self.is_open: raise return False if (not self.is_eof(msg)) and self.is_series: self.advance_in_series() self.debug("Advanced to %d", self._series_index) return True def _file_recv(self): if self.read_meth == 'read': out = self.fd.read() elif self.read_meth == 'readline': out = self.fd.readline() else: # pragma: debug raise NotImplementedError("Invalid read_meth: '%s'" % self.read_meth) return out def _recv(self, timeout=0): r"""Reads message from a file. Args: timeout (float, optional): Time in seconds to wait for a message. Defaults to self.recv_timeout. Unused. Returns: tuple (bool, str): Success or failure of reading from the file and the read messages as bytes. """ flag = True prev_pos = 0 try: self.read_header() prev_pos = self.file_tell() out = self._file_recv() except BaseException as e: # pragma: debug # Use this to catch case where close called during receive. # In the future this should be handled via a lock. self.debug(f"Error during file receive: {type(e)}({e})") out = '' if len(out) == 0: if self.advance_in_series(): self.debug("Advanced to %d", self._series_index) flag, out = self._recv() elif self.append and self.is_open: self.file_seek(prev_pos) out = self.empty_bytes_msg else: out = self.eof_msg else: if isinstance(out, bytes): out = out.replace(self.platform_newline, self.serializer.newline) if flag and (not self.is_eof(out)): if (((self.read_meth == 'readline') and isinstance(out, bytes) and out.startswith(self.serializer.comment))): # Exclude comments flag, out = self._recv() elif (((self.read_meth == 'read') and (prev_pos > 0) and (not self.concats_as_str))): # Rewind file and read entire contents if data was added to # the file type using a serialization method that dosn't # concatenate self.reset_position() flag, out = self._recv() elif (self.read_meth == 'read') and self.serializer.is_framed: # Rewind if more than one frame read len0 = len(out) out = self.serializer.get_first_frame(out) len1 = len(out) if (len1 > 0) and (len0 != len1): self.file_seek(prev_pos + len1) return (flag, out)
[docs] def purge(self): r"""Purge all messages from the comm.""" if self.is_open and self.direction == 'recv': try: self.file_seek(0, os.SEEK_END) except (AttributeError, ValueError): # pragma: debug if self.is_open: raise
[docs] def load(self, return_message_object=False, **kwargs): r"""Deserialize all contents from a file. Args: **kwargs: Keyword arguments are passed to recv calls. Returns: object: The deserialized data object or a list of deserialized data objects if there is more than one. Raises: SerializationError: If the first recv call fails. """ from yggdrasil import rapidjson msg = self.recv(return_message_object=True, **kwargs) if not msg.flag: raise serialize.SerializationError( "Error deserializing from file") out = [msg] while msg.flag: msg = self.recv(return_message_object=True, **kwargs) if msg.flag: out.append(msg) if len(out) > 1: out[0].args = self.serializer.concatenate( [x.args for x in out]) out[0].sinfo['datatype'] = rapidjson.encode_schema( out[0].args, minimal=True) out[0].stype = out[0].sinfo['datatype'] for k in ['format_str', 'field_names', 'field_units']: if k in out[0].sinfo: out[0].stype[k] = out[0].sinfo[k] out = out[0] if not return_message_object: out = out.args return out
[docs] def dump(self, obj, **kwargs): r"""Serialize to a file. Args: **kwargs: Keyword arguments are passed to the send call. Raises: SerializationError: If the send call fails. """ flag = self.send(obj, **kwargs) if not flag: raise serialize.SerializationError( "Error serializing to file")